Role of Halotolerant Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria in Mitigating Salinity Stress: Recent Advances and Possibilities

Soil salinity is one of the major abiotic constraints in agricultural ecosystems worldwide. High levels have negative impacts on plant growth and yield, affect soil physicochemical properties. Salinity also has adverse effects distribution abundance microorganisms. problems previously been addressed research, but most approaches, such as breeding for salt tolerant varieties amelioration, are expensive require years efforts. Halotolerant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (HT-PGPR) secrete secondary metabolites, including osmoprotectants, exopolysaccharides, volatile organic compounds. The importance these compounds promoting reducing under stress now widely recognised. HT-PGPR emerging effective biological strategies mitigating harmful high salinity; improving growth, development, yield; remediating degraded saline soils. This review describes beneficial mechanisms various HT-PGPR, which carried out by maintaining ion homeostasis, increasing nutrient availability, producing hormones, Exploring suitable applications agriculture production systems can play a crucial role sustainable crop productivity.